Pirólisis: una revisión de conceptos y aplicaciones en la gestión de residuos sólidos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25127/aps.20221.854Keywords:
biocarbón, pirolisis, residuos sólidos orgánicos municipales, aplicaciones de biocarbónAbstract
La gestión de residuos sólidos es un desafío ambiental a nivel mundial debido a que generan contaminación de aguas y suelos, así como emisiones de gas de efecto invernadero, lo cual se incrementará con el crecimiento de las ciudades y población. Es por ello, que el tratamiento de estos, especialmente la fracción orgánica, mediante el proceso de pirólisis se presenta como una alternativa sostenible con beneficios significativos como la obtención de subproductos, como el biocarbón, que tiene diversos campos de aplicación en aguas, suelos y cambio climático. En esta revisión, se explora en la primera sección los procesos de pirólisis, materia prima y subproductos. En la siguiente sección se analizan las aplicaciones del biocarbón, como subproducto, en el tratamiento de agua, suelo y reducción de gases de efecto invernadero. Finalmente, realiza una análisis técnico, económico y ambiental del proceso pirolítico. Por ende, la gestión de la fracción orgánica de residuos sólidos municipales a través de pirólisis, es un proceso sostenible, rentable y replicable.
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